Employee relations: an introduction

'Employee relations' describes the relationship between employers and employees - both concerning the relationship between employers and individual employees, and concerning collective relationships. 

Individual voice channels are very important. But collective channels, that use union and/or non-union representatives, give employees a collective voice that can complement and reinforce individual channels. 

Informing and consulting the workforce is a core people management principle. If done well, it provides an effective mechanism for dialogue between management and workers, inlcuding through their elected representatives. This provides senior management with the opportunity to impart important information or plans to the workforce and gain buy-in. For their part, employees can exercise their collective voice, an indirect channel via their representatives, to make suggestions, ask questions or raise concerns. 

Employee relations is an area of specialist knowledge in our Profession Map. It emphasises the importance of making sure the relationship between an organisation and its people is managed through transparent practices and relevant law.

Workplace conflict remains a fact of organisational life and needs to be managed positively and proactively. Individual and ‘unorganised conflict’, in the form of sickness absence, bullying or harassment, and employee turnover, can be just as harmful and costly to an organisation as organised industrial action on a collective level.

Organisations need to develop proactive approaches to managing conflict and ensure that line managers are confident to resolve disagreements at an early stage as part of a problem-solving approach.

Working in partnership 

‘Partnership’ between trade unions and employers has not always been promoted as a modern employment relations model. But a focus on joint working, collaboration and mutuality still has relevance. 

Fostering a climate of mutual co-operation with recognised trade unions and employee representatives – whether union or non-union – can complement both individual voice channels and people management practices. Such an approach can also result in benefits for the business as well as for employees.

Over the past two decades, there has been less focus on the role of employee relations as an HR discipline, with employee relations and conflict management typically viewed as operational and transactional in nature.

This view needs to change. Against a backdrop of political and economic change and highly pressurised work environments, there has never been a greater need for the expertise offered by employee relations specialists. The status of the employee relations specialism needs reasserting, and its reach needs broadening so that managing the employment relationship, and conflict, is seen as an integral part of every people professional’s role.

The more traditional, formal employee relations and negotiating skills need to be complemented with a much wider set of competencies, such as consultation, spotting potential signs of conflict and early resolution of differences between employees and management. These skills need to be extended to line managers who have day-to-day responsibility for managing the employment relationship.

Develop a positive employee relations framework 

It’s important that organisations develop an effective, holistic employee relations framework, for example:

• Set up multiple and complementary mechanisms for employee voice, including direct methods with individuals and indirect methods for collective voice, via employee representation.
• Establish structures and processes for communicating with union and non-union representatives and employees at all levels of the organisation. 
• Have a system to evaluate the feedback, to ensure that people’s feedback is captured and listened to from across the different voice channels.
• Train and guide managers so they understand the organisation’s aims and practices for information and consultation and have the skills and knowledge to promote effective employee voice.
• Ensure a positive joint working ethos is cascaded throughout the organisation, so that managers at all levels approach working relationships with representatives in a constructive way and build trust.

Contacts

Acas

GOV.UK - If your business faces industrial action

Books and reports

Acas. (2014) Reframing resolution – managing conflict and resolving individual employment disputes in the contemporary workplace. London: Acas.

Aylott, E. (2022) Employee relations: a practical introduction. 3rd ed. HR Fundamentals. London: Kogan Page.

Bennett, T., Saundry, R. and Fisher, V. (2020) Managing employment relations. 7th ed. London: CIPD and Kogan Page.

Saundry, R., Fisher, V. and Kinsey, S. (2019) Managing workplace conflict: The changing role of HR. London: Acas.

Saundry, R. and Unwin, P. (2021) Estimating the costs of workplace conflict. London: Acas.

Visit the CIPD and Kogan Page Bookshop to see all our priced publications currently in print.

Journal articles

Gordon, L. (2020) The legal consequences of getting employee relations wrong. People Management (online). 10 January.

Rowsell, J. (2024) Exclusive: one in five large firms underperforming on employee relations objectives, research finds. People Management (online). 15 May.

CIPD members can use our online journals to find articles from over 300 journal titles relevant to HR.

Members and People Management subscribers can see articles on the People Management website.